Ungazikhetha njani izinto zokusebenzisa iifilimu zokuziphinda-phinda ezikumgangatho ophezulu? Isikhokelo esipheleleyo sokumelana nokujika-jika, imigangatho yobushushu, kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto
Kwishishini lokupakisha ukutya, kuquka ukutya okulungele ukutyiwa, iimveliso zenyama ezisemathinini, ukutya komntwana, kunye nezitya ezilungisiweyo, kushushu kakhulu iingxowa zokuziphendulela zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuba zilula kwaye zihlala ixesha elide eshalofini. Nangona kunjalo, kwimveliso yokwenyani, iingxaki ezinje ngokuqhekeka kwefilimu, ukwaphuka kweepakethe, kunye nokulahlekelwa kukusebenza komqobo emva kokucoca iintsholongwane kubushushu obuphezulu zihlala ziphakathi kweengxaki zomgangatho ezixhaphakileyo ezixelwe ngabavelisi bokutya.
Ifilimu ingahlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zokusebenza phantsi kweemeko zobushushu eziqhelekileyo kodwa ingaphumeleli kwangoko ngaphakathi kwigumbi lokubulala iintsholongwane. Le yingxaki ebalulekileyo yobugcisa ekufuneka ijongwane nayo xa kukhethwa izixhobo zobushushu obuphezulu. iifilimu zokuziphendulela.
1. Amanqanaba obushushu bokuSebenza ngokuBuyisela ubushushu obuphezulu: Okokuqala Chonga iNqanaba elifunekayo lokuxhathisa ubushushu
"Impendulo yobushushu obuphezulu" ayibhekiseli kubushushu obunye obumiselweyo. Iimveliso zokutya ezahlukeneyo zifuna iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokubulala iintsholongwane. Ngokweendlela eziqhelekileyo zokwahlulahlula kushishino, ubushushu obuphezulu iifilimu zokuziphendulelangokubanzi zahlulwe zibe ngamanqanaba amathathu okumelana nobushushu:
Olu didi lusetyenziswa kakhulu ekuphekeni nasekubulaleni iintsholongwane emanzini, njengemifuno ethile eqhotsiweyo, iisosi, kunye neemveliso zenyama ezicoliweyo ezishushu kancinci.
Kwezi zicelo, umaleko wokuvala ubushushu ungasebenzisa i-HDPE eguquliweyo okanye ii-PE ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukumelana nobushushu. Ulwakhiwo lokupakisha lulula kakhulu.
Le yeyona meko ixhaphakileyo yokuziphindezela kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zenyama, ukutya komntwana, kunye nokutya okulungele ukutyiwa.
Izinto zokupakisha mazimelane nobushushu obuyi-121°C kunye noxinzelelo oluyi-0.2–0.25 MPa imizuzu engama-30–90 ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwephakheji, ukususwa kwephakheji, okanye umonakalo wokuvala.
Le meko imele umgangatho osisiseko woyilo lwezona zinto zishushu kakhulu iifilimu zokuziphendulelaUkhetho oluphambili lwe-heat-sealing layer yi-CPP (Cast Polypropylene).
Olu setyenziso lwenzelwe ukutya okufuna ukubulala iintsholongwane kakhulu, ingakumbi iimveliso ezinamafutha amaninzi kunye neeproteni ezininzi, ezifana neemveliso ezithile zenyama ekhenkcezisiweyo kunye nokutya kwezilwanyana zasekhaya.
Izinto zokupakisha mazimelane namaqondo obushushu angama-135°C okanye aphezulu phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo. Iindidi ezikhethekileyo ze-nylon kunye ne-CPP yobushushu obuphezulu ziyafuneka, nto leyo ebeka iimfuno eziphezulu kakhulu ekukhethweni kwezinto kunye noyilo lwesakhiwo.
Amaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo okubulala iintsholongwane afuna ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba ifilimu yokutywina ubushushu eyenzelwe kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwe-100°C isetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuphendula ye-121°C, ukusilela kokutywina, ukuguquguquka kokunyibilika, kunye nokunyuka okukhulu kwamazinga okuvuza kwephakheji akunakuphepheka.
2. Umgaqo woKhetho lwezinto ezingundoqo: Ukumelana nobushushu yimfuno yokuqala
Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweefilimu zokuziphendulela ezishushu kakhulu kunye neefilimu zesiqhelo iifilimu zokupakisha ze-vacuum kukuba zonke izinto ezinxulumene nokutywinwa kobushushu kunye ne-lamination kufuneka zibe nokumelana nobushushu okwaneleyo.
I-CPP (iCast Polypropylene) yinto eqhelekileyo yokuvala ubushushu kwiingxowa ezifuna amaqondo obushushu angama-121°C nangaphezulu.
I-CPP ineqondo lokunyibilika elimalunga ne-160–165°C. Ngexesha lokubulala iintsholongwane kwi-121°C, ihlala izinzile ngokwesakhiwo kwaye igcina ukuthembeka kokutywina, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwephakheji.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-LDPE eqhelekileyo kunye ne-LLDPE, apho iindawo zokunyibilika zihlala ziphakathi kwe-110–125°C, ziyathamba kwaye ziguquguquke ngexesha lokucubungula i-retort ye-121°C. Ke ngoko, azinakusetyenziswa njengeeleya zokuvala ubushushu kwi-121°C okanye izicelo ze-retort yobushushu obuphezulu.
Nangona kunjalo, i-HDPE eguquliweyo eneqondo lokunyibilika elimalunga ne-130–137°C isenokusetyenziswa phantsi kweemeko ezithile.
Kwizicelo zokuphendula ngobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu, kufuneka amanqanaba e-CPP alungiselelwe ngokukodwa obushushu obuphezulu.
Ngokuba iingxowa zokuziphendulelaEkubeni ifuna ukusebenza okuphezulu kokuthintela ioksijini, i-EVOH (i-Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer) yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuthinteleni ioksijini.
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukusebenza komqobo we-EVOH kwehla kakhulu phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu kunye nomswakama ophezulu.
Kukho izisombululo ezimbini rhoqo:
- Beka umaleko we-EVOH phakathi kwamaleko e-PA kwaye usebenzise amandla okufunxa umswakama e-PA ukuze unike isiphumo sokukhusela i-EVOH.
- Sebenzisa umaleko wesithintelo ogqunywe yiPVDC endaweni yoko, kuba ukusebenza kwesithintelo sePVDC akuchaphazeleki kakhulu bumswakama.
I-PET (iPolyester) inokumelana kakuhle nobushushu kunye nokuqina okuphezulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona layer zangaphandle ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiingxowa zokuzilungisa ezifikelela kwi-121°C.
Kwiimveliso ezifuna ukumelana nokubhoboza okuphezulu, njengokupakisha inyama emathanjeni, umaleko owongezelelweyo we-PA ungafakwa kwisakhiwo sangaphandle ukuze komelezwe amandla oomatshini.
Umahluko phakathi kwetekhnoloji yokukhupha izinto ezidityanisiweyo kunye netekhnoloji yokulahla inkunkuma eyomileyo udla ngokunganakwa xa kukhethwa izixhobo zokupakisha ezithi ziphinde zisetyenziswe.
Kwiipokotshi ezifakwe i-laminated retort, kufuneka ii-adhesive ze-polyurethane ezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo inokubandakanya iingozi ezinokubakho ezinxulumene nokufuduka kwe-primary aromatic amines (PAA). Ukongeza, ii-adhesives zinokuguga xa zichatshazelwa kubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokufuma okuphezulu ixesha elide, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba ziqhekeke.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ineengqimba ezininzi iifilimu zokuziphendulela ezikhutshwe ngokubambisana azifuni izinto zokuncamathelisa. Umngcipheko wokufuduka kwe-PAA kunye nokuguga kwento yokuncamathelisa uyasuswa kwindawo ekuyo.
Iileya zibotshelelwe ngokusebenzisa ukunyibilika, nto leyo enika ukunamathelana okuthembekileyo phakathi kweeleya phantsi kweemeko zokujika ezingaphezulu kwe-121°C.
Le yenye yeenzuzo eziphambili zobuchwepheshe bokukhupha izinto ngokusebenzisana kwizicelo zokupakisha ezisebenzisa ubushushu obuphezulu.
3. Uyilo lweSakhiwo: Izisombululo zeFilimu zokuBuyisela eziQhelekileyo zoBushushu obuPhezulu
Ngokusekelwe kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo okubulala iintsholongwane kunye neempawu zemveliso, ezi zilandelayo ziindlela ezininzi ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zoyilo lwesakhiwo kwiifilimu zokuziphendulela ezinobushushu obuphezulu.
Izakhiwo eziqhelekileyo:
- I-PET/PA/CPP (ulwakhiwo oluneeleya ezintathu)
- I-PET/PA/EVOH/PA/CPP (isakhiwo esidityanisiweyo esinamaleko amahlanu okanye asixhenxe)
Umaleko we-PET wangaphandle unika ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokuqina. Umaleko we-PA ophakathi unika ukumelana nokubhoboza kunye nokuqina okugqwesileyo kokujika, ngelixa umaleko wangaphakathi we-CPP unika ukusebenza kokuvala ubushushu.
Esi sakhiwo singagcina ukuthembeka okugqwesileyo ngexesha lokubulala iintsholongwane kwi-121°C ngelixa sinika ukukhanya okuhle, nto leyo eyenza ukuba silungele ukupakishwa kokutya okusemgangathweni apho ukubonakala kwemveliso kubalulekile.
Izakhiwo eziqhelekileyo:
- I-PET/AL/PA/CPP
- I-PET/AL/CPP
Ngokongeza umaleko wefoyile ye-aluminiyam, ukusebenza komqobo weoksijini kunye nomqobo wokufuma kunokuphuculwa kakhulu.
Ezi zakhiwo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso ezifuna ixesha elide kakhulu, ezifana neemveliso zenyama ezisemathinini kunye nokutya kwasemkhosini.
Nangona kunjalo, izakhiwo zefoyile ye-aluminiyam azibonakali kakuhle kwaye kunzima ukuzisebenzisa kwakhona. Phantsi kwesakhelo se-EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR), zinokujongana noxinzelelo olukhulayo lokuthobela imithetho.
Ke ngoko, abavelisi bayakhuthazwa ukuba babeke phambili ukuvavanywa kweendlela ezisetyenziswa ngeplastiki kuphela xa kunokwenzeka.
Ulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo:
- I-PET/PA/CPP (kusetyenziswa amanqanaba obushushu obuphezulu)
Ukulungiswa kwe-retort yobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu kubeka iimfuno eziphezulu kakhulu ekuchaseni ubushushu bezinto kunye namandla okubopha phakathi kweeleya.
Iiklasi zenylon ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwe-retort kwi-135°C kunye nezixhobo ze-CPP ezishushu kakhulu kufuneka zikhethwe. Ukongeza, isakhiwo kufuneka siphumelele iimvavanyo ezingqongqo zokumelana nobushushu ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokupakishwa.
4. Ulawulo lweNkqubo: "Inyathelo lokugqibela" lokuthintela ukungaphumeleli kwesikhwama sokuphendula
Nokuba kudityaniswe izinto ngokuchanekileyo, kusafuneka ulawulo oluqinileyo lwenkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokupakishwa.
Phantsi kwe-121°C iimeko zobushushu obuphezulu kunye nomswakama ophezulu, ukunamathela okunganelanga phakathi kweeleya kunokubangela ukwahlukana phakathi kweeleya ezahlukeneyo zefilimu, okubangela ukwahlukana.
Ngokwemigangatho ye-GB/T 10004-2008, amandla okuxobula ngaphambi nasemva kokucubungula i-retort ngokubanzi kufuneka angabi ngaphantsi kwe-3.0 N/15mm.
Kwizakhiwo ezinefoyile ye-aluminium, kufuneka kubekho amandla aphezulu okuxobula.
Umaleko wokuvala ubushushu weengxowa zokujika ezishushu kakhulu udla ngokuba yi-CPP, enobushushu obuphezulu bokuqalisa ukuvala (malunga ne-160–200°C) kunye nefestile encinci yokuvala ubushushu.
Ngexesha lokwenziwa kweengxowa, ubushushu bokuvala kunye noxinzelelo kufuneka kulawulwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukunyibilika ngokupheleleyo kunye nokubopha kwindawo yokudibanisa ngelixa kuthintelwa ukuvezwa kobushushu obugqithisileyo obunokubangela ukuqhekeka kwetywina.
Ngokuba iingxowa zokuziphendulela yenziwe nge-lamination eyomileyo, inkqubo yokuyilungisa yinyathelo elibalulekileyo lemveliso.
Ubushushu obungonelanga bokunyanga okanye ixesha lokunyanga kunokubangela ukuba i-adhesive crosslinking ingaphelelanga, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwe-retort sterilization.
Ngokubanzi, ukucocwa kwesinyithi kucetyiswa kwi-50–60°C kangangeeyure ezingama-48–72, nangona iiparameter ezichanekileyo zixhomekeke kwinkqubo ethile yokuncamathelisa.
Okuchasene, iifilimu zokuziphindezela ezidityaniswe ngocingo ezininzizenziwe njengesakhiwo esidibeneyo ngaphandle kwezinto zokuncamathelisa.
Oku kususa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwe-adhesive okubangelwa kukungagqwali kwe-adhesive kwinkqubo yemveliso ngokwayo.
5. Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo Malunga neeFilimu Ezibonisa Ubushushu Obuphezulu
Impendulo:
Oku kudla ngokuba luphawu lokuba umaleko ovala ubushushu awunayo imeko eyaneleyo yokumelana nobushushu.
Xa ubushushu bokuvala busondela okanye budlula ubushushu bokunyibilika kwezinto zokuvala, i-resin kwindawo yokuvala inokunyibilika kakhulu ize yenze imicu enamathelayo.
Kwiipokotshi ze-retort ezingama-121°C, umaleko wokutywina kufuneka usebenzise i-CPP (indawo yokunyibilika emalunga ne-160–165°C) endaweni ye-LLDPE (indawo yokunyibilika emalunga ne-120–125°C).
Ukongeza, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu okuvala nawo anokubangela iingxaki ezifanayo.
Kucetyiswa ukuba kuchongwe iiparameter zokutywina ezifanelekileyo ngovavanyo lwegophe lokutywina ubushushu.
Itekhnoloji yokudibanisa i-co-extrusion enamaleko amaninzi inokulawula ngokuchanekileyo ubukhulu bomaleko wokutywina, iqinisekisa ulungelelwano phakathi kwamandla okutywina kunye nokuhambelana komatshini wokupakisha.
Impendulo:
Ukusebenza komqobo we-oksijini kwi-EVOH kuchaphazeleka kakhulu kukufuma.
Ngexesha le-121°C xa kusetyenzwa ngokuphendula ngobushushu obuphezulu phantsi kweemeko zokufuma okuphezulu, umaleko we-EVOH ufunxa amanzi, nto leyo ebangela ukuncipha okukhulu kokusebenza komqobo weoksijini.
Kukho izisombululo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo:
- Beka iileya ze-PA kumacala omabini omaleko we-EVOH. Amandla okufunxa umswakama we-PA adala isiphumo sokuthintela kwaye anciphise ukuvezwa komswakama ngqo kwi-EVOH.
- Faka iPVDC endaweni ye-EVOH njengomaleko wesithintelo. Ukusebenza kwesithintelo sePVDC akuchaphazeleki kakhulu kukufuma.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba emva kokucubungula i-retort, i-EVOH inokubuyisela kancinci ukusebenza kwayo komqobo we-oksijini phantsi kweemeko ezomileyo. Inqanaba lokubuyisela lixhomekeke kuyilo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwee-layers zokukhusela ze-PA.
Impendulo:
Eyona ndlela inokuthenjwa kukucela ingxelo yovavanyo lokuphendula yomntu wesithathu kumthengisi.
Ingxelo mayicacise ngokucacileyo oku:
- Iimeko zovavanyo (ubushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nexesha)
- Iziphumo zovavanyo (utshintsho kwinkangeleko, amandla okuxobuka, amandla okuvala ubushushu, utshintsho kwisantya sokuhambisa ioksijini, njl.njl.)
- Imigangatho yovavanyo iyasebenza
Ngokwendlela yokuvavanya ukujika okuchazwe kwi-GB/T 10004-2008, iipakethi ezigqityiweyo kufuneka zizaliswe ziimveliso zokwenyani okanye izinto ezilinganisiweyo kwaye zivavanywe ukubulala iintsholongwane kwigumbi lokujika eliyi-121°C.
Emva koko ukupakisha kufuneka kuhlolwe ukuba:
- Ukususwa kweDelamination
- Ukushwabana
- Ukwaphuka kwephakheji
- Utshintsho ekusebenzeni komqobo ngaphambi nasemva kokubulala iintsholongwane
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho wangaphakathi, abavelisi bakwacetyiswa ukuba benze uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa olufanayo.
Isiphelo
Ukukhetha izinto ze iifilimu zokuziphendulela ezishushu kakhulungokusisiseko yinkqubo yobunjineli ecwangcisiweyo egxile kulawulo lokumelana nobushushu.
Ukususela ekukhetheni i-CPP njengomaleko wokuvala ubushushu, ukuya ekusebenziseni iileya ze-PA zokumelana nokubhoboza kunye nenkxaso yesakhiwo, kunye nokukhusela umaleko womqobo we-EVOH phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu kunye nomswakama ophezulu, umaleko ngamnye kunye nayo yonke into ekhethiweyo imisela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kweengxowa zokujika ngaphakathi kwamagumbi okubulala iintsholongwane.
Ukukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nokuyila ulwakhiwo olufanelekileyo oluneeleya ezininzi zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufezekiseni ukupakisha okukwaziyo ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngaphandle kokuvuza, ukwahlukana, okanye ukusilela komqobo.
